The UAE experiences some of the highest UV radiation levels in the world, particularly from May to September. While sunshine has health benefits (notably vitamin D production), excessive UV exposure causes skin damage, premature ageing, and increases the risk of skin cancer. Proper sun protection is essential for everyone living in the UAE.
Understanding UV Radiation
UVA Rays
- Penetrate deep into the skin
- Cause premature ageing (wrinkles, age spots)
- Pass through glass and clouds
- Present year-round at relatively constant levels
UVB Rays
- Cause sunburn
- Primary cause of skin cancer
- Stronger during midday hours and summer months
- Do not significantly penetrate glass
UV Index in the UAE
The UV index in the UAE regularly reaches 10-12 (classified as "very high" to "extreme") during summer. Even during winter months, the UV index can be moderate to high.
Choosing the Right Sunscreen
The British Association of Dermatologists and the American Academy of Dermatology recommend:
- SPF 30 or higher: SPF 30 blocks approximately 97% of UVB rays
- Broad spectrum: Protects against both UVA and UVB
- Water-resistant: Especially if sweating or swimming
- Reapply every 2 hours and immediately after swimming, sweating, or towel drying
- Apply generously: Most people apply too little. For an adult body, approximately 35 mL (7 teaspoons) is needed for full coverage
Application Tips
- Apply 15-30 minutes before going outdoors
- Don't forget commonly missed areas: ears, back of neck, tops of feet, lips (use SPF lip balm)
- All skin types need sunscreen, including darker skin tones (while melanin provides some natural protection, it does not eliminate UV damage risk)
Additional Sun Protection Measures
Sunscreen alone is not sufficient. The WHO recommends a comprehensive approach:
- 1Seek shade between 10am and 4pm (peak UV hours)
- 2Wear protective clothing: Long sleeves, wide-brimmed hat, UV-protective sunglasses
- 3Be aware of reflection: Sand, water, and buildings reflect UV rays, increasing exposure
- 4Be cautious in cars: UVA passes through car windows unless they have UV-protective film
- 5Check the UV index daily (available on weather apps)
Recognising Skin Changes
Early detection of skin changes is important. Use the ABCDE rule for checking moles:
- A - Asymmetry: One half does not match the other
- B - Border: Edges are irregular, ragged, or blurred
- C - Colour: Colour is not uniform (shades of brown, black, red, white, or blue)
- D - Diameter: Larger than 6 mm (the size of a pencil eraser)
- E - Evolving: The mole is changing in size, shape, or colour
See a Doctor If You Notice:
- A new mole that looks different from your other moles
- A mole that is changing in size, shape, or colour
- A sore that does not heal within 3 weeks
- A skin growth that bleeds, crusts, or scabs repeatedly
- Any unusual skin change that concerns you
Sun Safety for Children
Children's skin is more sensitive to UV damage. The damage accumulated in childhood significantly increases the risk of skin cancer later in life.
- Babies under 6 months: Keep out of direct sunlight. Use clothing and shade for protection
- Children over 6 months: Apply sunscreen (SPF 30+, broad spectrum) to exposed areas
- Ensure children wear hats and UV-protective clothing when outdoors
- Lead by example: Children learn sun protection habits from adults
- School and outdoor activities: Apply sunscreen before school during high UV months
Common Skin Conditions Worsened by Sun
- Melasma: Brown patches on the face, worsened by UV exposure and hormonal changes
- Photoageing: Premature wrinkles, uneven skin tone, and loss of skin elasticity
- Heat rash: Common in hot, humid climates
- Polymorphic light eruption: Itchy rash triggered by sun exposure
This article is for informational purposes only and does not replace professional medical advice. Always consult your doctor or dermatologist for personalised guidance.